Roma defender Wesley left the field in tears after 15 minutes as Brazil - who are in Scotland's group - beat Egypt 2-1 in their final preparation match.
A scan confirmed the severity of the injury to the 22-year-old.
"The MRI scan revealed a muscle injury to the adductor muscle in his left thigh," the Brazilian Football Confederation said in a statement.
"The CBF regrets the injury. Wesley is a player much loved by the squad and will always be considered part of this team as it seeks to win its sixth World Cup title."
Ederson, who is expected to complete his move to United in early July after the club agreed a 35 million pounds fee with Atalanta, will join the Brazil squad in the United States on Monday.
The 26-year-old won the last of his three caps in March 2025.
Carlo Ancelotti's side start their Group C campaign against Morocco on Saturday in New York before facing Haiti in Philadelphia on 19 June and Scotland on 24 June in Miami.
